Evaluation of intima media thickness of carotid arteries in 40-60 years old persons with type D personality and its comparison with normal ones

In some studies, the involvement of dangerous psychological and behavioral factors in etiology and physiotherapy of vascular disturbances have been shown. In other studies, the relationship between the personality type and increase in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated. The type D personality is defined as having two characteristics of negative affect and social inhibition. It is thought that individuals with type D personality are at increased risk of carotid artery intima-media thickening which predisposes them to vascular disease that is one of the most important factors for the stroke. In this study, we try to determine whether type D personality is a contributing factor to an increase in the intima-media of the carotid artery. This study was done in 2012 in the teaching hospital of Alzahra in Isfahan Iran. This is a case/control study which is done at Alzahra hospital in Isfahan in 2011-12. The statistical population in this study is composed of individuals who do not have any risk factors for stroke and are randomly selected among the hospital staff or the patient's family members who accompanied the patient at the hospital. They filled out a questioner that would assist in detecting type D personality. A carotid Doppler ultrasound that measures the intima media thickness in the selected individuals was performed. The information obtained from the study was evaluated by Statistical Product and Service Solutions [SPSS] software and the intima-media thicknesses were compared in two groups of patients. The average thickness of intima media in two groups, consist of placebo and patients, was 0.739 +/- 0.12 and 0.759 +/- 0.14 millimeter, respectively. There was no meaningful difference between the two groups based on t-test values [P = 0.19]. It is important to note that based on the results, 22.9% of placebos and 48.6% of individuals with type D personality presented with abnormal thickness. The difference between the two groups were meaningful based on Chi-Squared test [P = 0.001]. We conclude that type D personality increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases specially the stroke and myocardial infarction due to the higher prevalence of hormonal imbalances leading to arterial vasospasm and atherosclerotic disease. As a result, it is necessary to evaluate and treat these patients due to increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases, stoke, and myocardial infarction

Investigating the anxiety level in Iranian medical residents in 2010-2011

University entrance is accompanied by major changes in social relationship, rules, and expectations that lead to psychological disorders in susceptible students. The goal of this research is to study the anxiety rate in Iranian medical residents in 2010-2011. This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. It contains 370 medical residents from the 1[st] year to the 4[th] year of medical universities in Isfahan, Gilan, Zahedan, Sanandaj, and Kashan. The stratified sampling method proportionate to volume of participants is used in this study. The information is collected based on researchers' questioners and Zung self-rating anxiety scale and analyzed with the use of SPSS software version 16, addition to descriptive and analytic tests [Pearson, one way analysis of variance, t-test]. Meaningful level is regarded as P

Vitamin D deficiency, prevention and treatment

A 35 year female born and residing in Esfahan presents to the physician due to fatigue and sense of weakness. The patient refers that she has been having bilateral low back pain accompanied by throbbing bone pain in the lower extremities since 5 months ago. In past history menses is regular and 3 pregnancy followed by lactating the newborns. The patient denies use of any medication, except regular use of sunscreen. She also denies history of DM. In the physical examination: BP: 120/80 BMI: 30 Kg/M[2] Cranial nerves are intact Examination of nerves system is within normal limit There is no proximal myopathy. Laboratory examination revealed: o TSH and T4 within normal limits o Serum calcium 9.5 mg/dl [8.5-10.5] o Phosphate: 3.5 mg/d [2.5-4] o Albumin: 4 g/dl o 25[OH] D: 4 ng/ml o PTH: 84 Pg/ml [8-51]